Introduction:
Applying Molecular Dynamics (MD) algorithms or classical mechanics models to protons, neutrons, and electrons, using Coulomb potentials, lead to atom deformation or atom instability. Pseudo potentials, alternative to Coulomb potentials, were developed with protons and electrons attract at large distances and repel at femtometer scales in inside the atom. With these Pseudo potentials (or known as “Subatomic Interaction Potentials (SIP)”), applying MD algorithms to protons, neutrons, and electrons give stable atom with nucleus dynamics in the center of simulation box and electron trajectories around nucleus. (For more information on Pseudo potentials, visit Subatomic Interaction Potentials page.) For more information on applying MD algorithms for subatomic particles see Publications page.